Chronic Cough: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention and Treatment (2024)

A chronic cough is a persistent cough that lasts for more than eight weeks in adults and four weeks in children. It’s one of the most common reasons for healthcare visits. While chronic cough is usually a symptom of an underlying health condition, sometimes it can occur without a specific cause.

Respiratory Conditions

• Asthma: Inflammation and narrowing of the airways lead to coughing.
• Bronchiectasis: Abnormal widening of the bronchial tubes.
• Chronic Bronchitis: Persistent inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
• Fungal Infections: In the lungs, such as aspergillosis.
• Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection affecting the lungs.
• Upper Respiratory Infections: Flu, pneumonia, and colds.

Non-Respiratory Causes

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux irritates the throat.
• Allergies: Allergic rhinitis or postnasal drip.
• Medications: ACE inhibitors (a prescription medication).
• Sinus Conditions: Sinusitis or chronic sinus infections.
• Obesity: Especially excess weight around the stomach area.
• Environmental Irritants: Tobacco smoke, pollutants, or allergens.

• Persistent Cough: Lasting more than eight weeks (adults) or four weeks (children).
• Throat Discomfort: Sore throat, frequent throat clearing, or a tickle in the back of the throat
• Other Signs:
  • Stuffy or runny nose
  • Heartburn
  • Fever (if accompanied by other symptoms)

• Hydration: Intake of plenty of fluids to keep mucus thin helps in preventing chronic cough
• Avoid Irritants: Decrease exposure to triggers (e.g., smoke, pollutants)
• Quit Smoking: This can significantly improve your health and prevent cough
• Vaccination: Get vaccinated against whooping cough (pertussis)

Identify the Underlying Cause

• Meet the nearby doctor for a thorough evaluation to find the reasons for chronic cough.
• Diagnostic tests (e.g., lab tests, lung function tests, imaging) may be necessary.

Management

Address Specific Conditions:

• Treat asthma, GERD, or other identified causes

Lifestyle Modifications

• Stay hydrated
• Avoid tobacco smoke
• Manage allergies

Medications

• Bronchodilators, corticosteroids, or antihistamines

Speech Therapy

• For persistent cough due to throat irritation

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Honey

• Effectiveness: Research suggests that honey may relieve coughs. It has both cough-suppressant and antibacterial properties.
• Usage: Swallow a spoonful of honey or add it to a hot drink like herbal tea

Ginger

• Effectiveness: Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties and may ease a dry or asthmatic cough.
• Usage: Add ginger to dishes or drink it as ginger tea. Be cautious, as ginger tea can cause stomach upset or heartburn in some cases.

Hot Fluids

• Effectiveness: While research is limited, drinking warm liquids (such as hot tea) at room temperature may alleviate cough, runny nose, and sneezing.
• Usage: Opt for hot tea with lemon and honey or other warm beverages

Throat Soothers

• Hard Candy or Cough Drops: These can soothe your throat.
• Honey (for adults): It helps soothe irritation. However, honey should not be given to children under one-year-old due to the risk of bacterial contamination.

Moisturise the Air

• Cool-Mist Humidifier: Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air. Regularly clean the water basin to prevent mold growth.

Avoid Irritants

• Tobacco Smoke: If you smoke, consider quitting.
• Environmental Pollutants: Minimize exposure to smoke, dust, and other irritants.

Remember that individual responses to these remedies may vary, and it’s essential to monitor your symptoms. If your chronic cough persists or worsens, seek a professional medical evaluation.